PSD Bibliography Format
For complete information on citing sources consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Fourth Edition, published in 1995 by The Modern Language Association, ISBN 0-87352-565-5
A note about the use of Italics
Italic is a style of type in which the characters slant to the right (Casablanca). In research papers and manuscripts submitted for publication, words that would be italicized in print are usually underlined.
Many word-processing programs and computer printers permit the reproduction of italic type. In material that will be graded, edited, or typeset, the type style of every letter and punctuation mark must be easily recognizable. Italic type is sometimes not distinctive enough for this purpose, and you can avoid ambiguity by using underlining when you intend italics. If you wish to use italics rather than underlining, check your instructor's preferences. In this guide, Italics are used.
BOOKS
Book - One Author
Mandell, Richard. Sport: A Cultural History. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1984.
Book - Two Authors
Davis, Bertha, and Susan Whitfield. The Coal Question. New York:
Franklin Watts, 1982.
Book - Several Authors
Crenshaw, Charles A., et al. JFK Conspiracy of Silence. New
York: Penguin Group, 1992.
Book - Corporate Author
Time-Life Books. Mysterious Creatures. New York: Time-Life
Publishing Co, 1987.
Book - With Editor
Kilgore, Ernilic, ed. Plays by Women. New York: Prentice Hall
Press, 1991.
Book - Multivolume Work
If using only one volume:
Daiches, David. A Critical History of English Literature. 2nd ed.
Vol. 2. New York: Ronald, 1970.
If using all volumes:
Daiches, David. A Critical History of English Literature. 2nd ed.
2 vols. New York: Ronald, 1970.
Book - Signed Encyclopedia Article
Martin, E. Marty. "Resurgent Fundamentalism." Encyclopedia
Britannica. 1985 ed.
Book - Unsigned Encyclopedia Article
"Catskill Mountains." Academic American Encyclopedia. 1992 ed.
MAGAZINES
Magazine - Article with Author
Severy, Merle. "The World of Suleyman the Magnificent."
National Geographic Nov. 1987: 552-601.
Magazine - Article without Author
"New Human Retrovirus." Science News 26 Dec.
1987: 391-392.
CITING ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Electronic - Readers' Guide on CD-ROM
Minasi, M. "Computer Viruses from A to Z." Compute
Oct. 1991: 44-6 Readers' Guide Abstracts. CD-ROM.
Sept. 1988-20 Aug. 1992.
Electronic - SIRS on CD-ROM
Jacobson, Jodi L. "Holding Back the Sea." Futurist.
Sept./Oct. 1990: 20-27. SIRS Combined Text &
Index. CD-ROM. Boca Raton, FL: Social Issues Resources
Series, Inc., 1993. Earth Science 1991, Article No. 25.
Electronic - NewsBank on the CD-ROM
Wood, Daniel B. "Largest Welfare-to-Work Program Called a
Success." Christian Science Monitor 20
Apr. 1993: 3. CD NewsBank. CD-ROM.
Electronic - Computer Software
Pattis, Richard E. Karel the Robot.- A Gentle Introduction to the
Art of Programming. Diskette. Cybertronics, 1981.
Electronic - TV Program
"Music in the Age of Shakespeare." PBS. WGBH, Boston. 17 Sept.
1980.
CITING ONLINE ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Electronic resources are cited in such a way that the information can be found by others. Private e-mail correspondence is not accessible and some databases are only available by password or to registered users. In either case, at least you will know where the reference originated.
It is important to cite the author, date, title, source, medium, and how the information is available. Here are some examples based on the style forms presented in Electronic Style: A Guide to Citing Electronic Information written by Xia Li and Nancy B. Crane and published by Meckler Publishing.
Basic form for citing individual works:
Author. (date of publication). Title (edition), [Type of medium].
Available: give information sufficient for retrieval (date of access)
ONLINE - E-Mail (Personal):
Smith, Jane. (10 Jan. 1995). Holiday Highlights [e-mail to
ljoseph], [Online]. Available e-mail: ljoseph@osu.edu
ONLINE - E-Mail (Discussion Group or Listserv):
Doe, Jane. (10 Jan. 1995). Acceptable Use Policy [Discussion],
LM_Net [Online]. Available e-mail: LM_Net@suvm.syr.edu
ONLINE - FTP:
Smith, Jennifer Moira. (2 Oct. 1994). Mud-Faq-PI,
[Online]. Available: FTP: ftp.math.okstat.edu Directory:
pub/niisc/mud-faq File: mud-faq-p1
ONLINE - Gopher:
Adams, Martha. (13 May 1994). M & M Math [Online]. Available:
Gopher: ericir.syr.edu Directory: Lesson Plans/Mathematics/Using
M & M Cookies to Work Math Problems (4-6) File: cecmath. 13
ONLINE - Telnet:
20/20 ABC (18 Dec. 1992). Long Journey Home. In Journal
Graphics, [Online]. Available: Telnet: database.carl.org Directory:
Other information and Article Databases/Journal Graphics File:long
journey home
ONLINE - World Wide Web:
To cite files available for viewing via the World Wide Web, give the author's name (if known), the full title of the work in quotation marks, the title of the complete work if applicable in italics, the full http address, and the date of the visit.
Burka, Lauren P. "A Hypertext History of Multi-User
Dimensions." MUD History.
http://www.ecs.neu.edu/home/lpb/mud-history.html (5 Dec. 1994)
To cite Contemporary Authors Web Site information:
"Abbey, Edward." Contemporary Authors.
http://galenet.gale.com/m/mep/db/ca (10 Apr. 1996)
MISCELLANEOUS
MISC - Interview
Roberts, Edgar. Personal Interview. 5 May 1992.
MISC - Letter
Victor, Amanda. Letter to author. 15 March 1992.
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